If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. |
|
|
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
|
#1
|
|||
|
|||
Cervix stretches...uterus contracts...
Pregnant women: OBs are closing birth canals up to 30%.
It's easy to allow your birth canal to OPEN the "extra" up to 30%. See the very end of this post... CERVIX STRETCHES...UTERUS CONTRACTS... THE FETUS-EJECTION REFLEX... "DILATATION (STRETCHING) OF THE CERVIX AUGMENTS UTERINE ACTIVITY BY AUGMENTING OXYTOCIN SECRETION..." DR. JAMES FERGUSON James K. W. Ferguson's career parallels and reflects the history of the Banting Research Foundation and the development of medical research in Canada. The story begins in 1929 when as a young graduate student in physiology at the University of Toronto he first met Dr Charles Best, who at age twenty-nine had just been appointed Professor and head of the department...In 1940 Ferguson established the hormonal basis of a major reflex controlling childbirth. As early as 1932, his final year of medical school, he had wondered whether there was a connection between the contractions of labour and "the posterior pituitary hormone, oxytocin" for which no function had yet been discovered. During his two-year assistant professorship at Ohio State University between 1936 and 1938, Ferguson and endocrinologist Hans Haterius found that electrical stimulation of the pituitary gland of anaesthetized rabbits produced "definite, and at times enormous" increases in uterine activity. Ferguson continued this research after his appointment to the pharmacology department at Toronto in 1938, and two years later successfully demonstrated that dilatation (stretching) of the cervix augments uterine activity by augmenting oxytocin secretion. This discovery, which became known as Ferguson's reflex, has important implications for the management of tabour as the use of epidural anaesthetics interferes with this reflex, resulting in longer labours and an increased incidence of forceps delivery. http://www.utoronto.ca/bantresf/Hall.../Ferguson.html IN RATS: "THE FETUS-EXPULSION REFLEX DIFFERS FROM THE FETUS-EJECTION REFLEX" Exp Neurol. 1987 May;96(2):443-55. PubMed abstract Pelvic neurectomy abolishes the fetus-expulsion reflex and induces dystocia in the rat. Higuchi T, Uchide K, Honda K, Negoro H. To clarify the origin of dystocia in bilaterally pelvic neurectomized (BPN) rats, the uterine activity during the periparturient period, and reflex straining movements in response to vaginal stimulation and cervical extensibility were monitored. The BPN rat displayed "stretching" movements and the regular continuous uterine activity with a similar onset and intensity to that in control rats (intact, sham-operated or unilateral pelvic neurectomized rats) on days 22 or 23 of gestation, but lacked the "straining" movements which precede each delivery of pups in controls so that parturition was prolonged. Dissection of rats revealed that an unborn fetus was retained in the expanded upper portion of the vaginal cavity. Vaginal distension induced contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm and an inhibition of respiratory movements, resulting in an increase in intraabdominal pressure in urethane-anesthetized control rats. This reflex muscular contraction which reflects the straining movements in normal delivery may be called the fetus-expulsion reflex and does not occur in BPN rats. It differs from the fetus-ejection reflex (Ferguson reflex) which initiates oxytocin release. There was no difference in weight and distensibility of the uterine cervix between sham-operated and operated rats on day 22 of pregnancy. The results suggest that the main abnormality of delivery in BPN rats, a prolongation of the process of delivery, may be due to a lack of the fetus-expulsion reflex which plays a physiologic role in removing a fetus from the upper vaginal cavity against the resistance of the pelvic outlet. "THE PARADOXICAL OXYTOCIC EFFECT OF ADRENALINE" Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2003 Fall;(67):20-2. PubMed abstract Fear of death during labour. Odent M. The expression of fear of death during labour is common when the physiological processes are obviously efficient and when the perinatal period is considered, in retrospect, to have been a positive experience. We propose two kinds of interpretation: (1) One is not specifically human. A physiological fear is the expression of a rush of adrenaline just before the "fetus ejection reflex." The paradoxical oxytocic effect of adrenaline was demonstrated several decades ago. (2) One is specifically human. It takes into account our knowledge of death and the reduction of neocortical control during labour. IN CATS? "THE NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARII (NTS) [RELAYS AFFERENT STIMULI ARISING FROM THE BIRTH CANAL]...TO THE OXYTOCIN NEURONES..." Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;395:95-104. PubMed abstract Opioid-noradrenergic interactions in the control of oxytocin cells. Leng G, Brown CH, Murphy NP, Onaka T, Russell JA. Department of Physiology, University Medical School, Edinburgh, UK. The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) projects directly to the oxytocin neurones of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), and relays afferent stimuli arising from the birth canal during parturition. About 80% of these projecting neurones are noradrenergic, and these same neurones are activated following systemic administration of cholecystokinin (CCK), which also results in an increased electrical and secretory activity in oxytocin neurones. Oxytocin release in response to CCK is abolished following selective neurotoxic destruction of these noradrenergic neurones. Oxytocin release following CCK (and that during parturition) is potently inhibited by morphine, which blocks the local noradrenaline release in the supraoptic nucleus. This acute opiate action involves presynaptic inhibition of the noradrenergic terminals, and occurs without marked suppression of the activity of noradrenergic cells in the NTS. During chronic exposure to morphine the oxytocin system becomes tolerant to, and dependent upon morphine. In the course of tolerance, oxytocin cell activation in response to CCK recovers from initial inhibition. However, the pathway that mediates this response does not appear to become dependent: the oxytocin cell response to CCK is unchanged by opiate withdrawal induced by naloxone, despite a large increase in the background electrical activity of oxytocin cells provoked by withdrawal. Nevertheless, expression of withdrawal excitation by oxytocin neurones is curiously contingent upon the activity of the noradrenergic input in that prior lesioning of this input has no effect upon the subsequent withdrawal excitation of oxytocin cells. Yet under urethane anaesthesia, acute pharmacological blockade of the noradrenergic input suppresses withdrawal. We discuss how these paradoxical observations might be reconciled, and note that the difference may be related to differing levels of tonic activity in the noradrenergic input. It is possible that dependence relies upon the input when it is there, but not when it is not. 1986: "OXYTOCIN HAS RECENTLY BEEN IDENTIFIED IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA..." Regul Pept. 1986 Apr;14(2):125-32. PubMed abstract Oxytocin inhibits ACTH and peripheral catecholamine secretion in the urethane-anesthetized rat. Gibbs DM. Oxytocin (OT) generally has a stimulatory effect on ACTH secretion both in vitro and in vivo. As part of a study of ACTH-releasing factors in hypophysial portal blood, the effects of i.v. OT administration on plasma ACTH levels were tested in urethane-anesthetized rats. Surprisingly, i.v. injection of 10 micrograms OT lowered plasma ACTH levels by about 35% (P less than 0.01). It was reasoned that this paradoxical inhibition of ACTH secretion by OT might be mediated by inhibition of the unusually high rate of peripheral catecholamine secretion in this model. Measurement of plasma catecholamines before and after i.v. administration of 10 micrograms OT revealed a 53% inhibition of EPI (P less than 0.01) and 43% inhibition of NE (P less than 0.05). Administration of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (400 micrograms) 15 min before the beginning of the experiment completely blocked the inhibitory effects of OT on ACTH secretion and in fact unmasked the stimulatory effects of OT normally seen in conscious animals and in vitro. Superfused bisected adrenal glands exposed to 10(-6) M OT for 10 min secreted more than 30% less EPI and NE than control adrenals suggesting that the inhibition of EPI and NE secretion by OT in vivo occurs, at least in part, directly at the level of the adrenal. The data support the hypothesis that peripheral catecholamines may at times be directly involved in the control of ACTH secretion and also suggest that OT, which has recently been identified in the adrenal medulla, may have important paracrine functions in the regulation of adrenal catecholamine secretion. Years ago, Michel Odent, MD told me that, as part of the fetus-ejection reflex women who labor feeling unobserved will spontaneously get off their sacra... Of course, getting off the sacrum allows the birth canal to open an "extra" up to 30%... PREGNANT WOMEN... WARNING: The two most common medical delivery positions - semisitting and dorsal - keep the woman on her sacrum/close the birth canal the "extra" up to 30%. WORSE: When babies get stuck, OBs routinely KEEP the birth canal closed the "extra" up to 30% - i.e. - they keep women semisitting or dorsal as they pull with forceps. PREGNANT WOMEN: To allow the birth canal to OPEN the "extra" up to 30% - roll onto your side as you push your baby out. Beware though: Some OBs will let women "try" alternative delivery positions but will put them semisitting or dorsal (close the birth canal the "extra" up to 30%) for the actual delivery.... Women shouldn't have to ask for the "extra" up to 30% - but that's the way it is - so talk to your OB today. Todd Dr. Gastaldo |
Thread Tools | |
Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
DCF cancels university contracts, will seek new proposals | wexwimpy | Foster Parents | 0 | August 5th 04 04:04 PM |
No place for favoritism in state contracts | wexwimpy | Foster Parents | 0 | July 30th 04 03:05 PM |
Question for anyone who checks their own cervix - sp TMI | Amy | Pregnancy | 6 | June 16th 04 02:07 AM |
Foster care contracts to undergo overhaul | wexwimpy | Foster Parents | 0 | June 10th 04 07:14 PM |
Irritable Uterus | Crystal Dreamer | Pregnancy | 18 | March 29th 04 09:14 PM |